Wang Xiaoming, Wei Zhang Wei Zhang · June 2024 · pp. 1-6
Copper ions, vital micronutrients in nature, play a crucial role in maintaining organismal homeostasis, from microorganisms to humans. In the human body, copper serves as an enzyme cofactor, influencing essential...
Chen Ying · June 2024 · pp. 7-17
Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is a chronic osteochondrosis endemic to certain regions, notably in Russia and China, characterized by profound articular and epiphyseal cartilage damage. Chondrocyte necrosis, excessive apoptosis, and extracellular...
Wang Xiaojie · June 2024 · pp. 18-24
Organic chemistry, the study of organic compounds, forms the bedrock of modern chemistry with profound implications for our daily lives. This discipline investigates the structure, composition, physical and chemical properties,...