1. Purpose of the Review

Reviews are intended to provide constructive, objective, and timely feedback to authors and editors. They should help editors decide whether to accept, revise, or reject a manuscript and help authors improve their work.

2. Reviewer Responsibilities

• Confidentiality: Treat manuscripts as confidential documents. Do not share content without authorization.
• Impartiality: Evaluate the work on its academic merit without personal bias or discrimination.
• Conflict of Interest: Immediately disclose any conflicts that may compromise objectivity.
• Timeliness: Complete reviews within the agreed timeframe or notify the editor promptly if unable to do so.
• Ethics: Report any suspected ethical issues such as plagiarism, data manipulation, or duplicate publication.

3. Preparing the Review Report

A high-quality review report is clear, detailed, and well-structured. Please include the following elements:

• Summary of the Manuscript: Briefly outline the paper’s objectives, key findings, and contributions to the field.
• Major Comments: Discuss significant issues affecting validity, originality, methodology, or interpretation. Suggest concrete improvements.
• Minor Comments: Note minor errors such as grammar, formatting, or references that require correction.
• Ethical Concerns: Flag any suspected plagiarism, data irregularities, or undisclosed conflicts.
• Recommendation: Provide a clear recommendation (Accept / Minor Revision / Major Revision / Reject) with justification.

Be respectful and constructive. Even critical feedback should be phrased to help authors improve their work.

4. Review Quality Standards

Reviews should be:

• Evidence-based, referencing relevant literature where appropriate.
• Structured logically with clear headings or numbered points.
• Balanced, highlighting strengths as well as weaknesses.
• Free from offensive or derogatory language.

5. Communication with the Editorial Office

If you have questions about a manuscript or require additional information to complete your review, please contact the editorial office rather than the authors directly.

6. Acknowledgement of Reviewers

As part of our commitment to transparency, we offer public or private acknowledgement of reviewers’ contributions (with consent) and may provide certificates, discounts, or other incentives for timely and high-quality reviews.