EXPLORING THYROID HORMONES' ROLE IN PROSTATE CANCER: A KHARTOUM STATE PERSPECTIVE

Authors: Ahmed Osman Elhassan

Published: March 2024

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Abstract

<p>Prostate cancer, characterized by uncontrolled tumor growth, is primarily driven by imbalances in cell division and death rates, often compounded by mutations in various genes, such as retinoblastoma. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), crucial in cell differentiation, growth, and metabolism, are hypothesized to play a role in carcinogenesis, influencing prostate cancer development and progression. Additionally, these hormones contribute to tumor-induced angiogenesis and have demonstrated the ability to increase prostate cancer cell proliferation in vitro. The interplay of these thyroid hormones is further regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), acting in a negative feedback loop.</p> <p>This study explores the intriguing hypothesis that thyroid function influences prostate cancer risk. In normal thyroid function, a hypothyroid state is characterized by low T4 but high TSH, while hyperthyroid status is defined by high T4 but low TSH. The hypothesis suggests that hypothyroid men may experience a decreased risk of prostate cancer, while hyperthyroid men may face an increased risk. Through a comprehensive analysis of thyroid status and its correlation with prostate cancer risk, this research aims to shed light on the complex relationship between thyroid hormones and prostate carcinogenesis.</p> <p>Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement has been integral in prostate cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring. However, the significant number of false-positive results associated with PSA-based detection poses challenges, leading to unnecessary prostate biopsy procedures. This study delves into the intricacies of PSA elevation, exploring the various factors, including diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, as well as benign and physiologic conditions, contributing to misleading PSA levels. Understanding these complexities is crucial in refining prostate cancer detection methods and reducing the burden of unnecessary interventions on patients.</p> <p>Moreover, the research examines the direct effects of thyroid hormones on the prostate, building upon the well-established knowledge of thyroid hormone regulation in the male reproductive system. The investigation evaluates the relationship between serum T3 levels and the risk of recurrence in patients treated for localized prostate cancer. By unraveling the direct impact of thyroid hormones on the prostate, this study aims to enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms connecting thyroid function and prostate cancer outcomes.</p>

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