DIABETES AND DRUG DYNAMICS: UNRAVELING THE PHARMACOKINETIC CHANGES OF FLUOROQUINOLONES

Authors: Chukwudi Okeke Achebe, Ngozi Ezeani Okoye

Published: March 2024

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Abstract

<p>Quinolones, discovered in the early 1960s, have captivated scientific and clinical interest due to their potential as ideal antibiotics. These compounds exhibit a combination of desirable attributes, including high potency, a broad spectrum of activity, good bioavailability, availability in oral and intravenous formulations, elevated serum levels, a large volume of distribution indicating tissue concentration, and a potentially low incidence of side effects (Ball, 2000). Initially designed to combat gram-negative, gram-positive, chlamydia, and mycoplasmas, quinolones have demonstrated effectiveness against penicillin non-susceptible or multidrug-resistant Pneumococci and some methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Common applications include the treatment of pneumonia and urinary tract infections, with their mode of action believed to result from the inhibition of bacterial DNA replication and transcription, leading to cell death (Cozzarelli &amp; Dalhoff, 1980; Schmidt et al., 1998). Despite their clinical efficacy, a concerning association has been observed between fluoroquinolones, a subgroup of quinolones, and an elevated risk of blood sugar abnormalities in diabetic patients (Sherine et al., 2009). Stephen (2014) further attributes a notable increase in the incidence of type-2 diabetes in the United States of America from 1990 to the use of fluoroquinolones. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of the historical significance, attributes, and applications of quinolones, emphasizing their broad-spectrum effectiveness against various bacterial strains. Furthermore, it sheds light on the emerging concern regarding fluoroquinolones and their potential impact on blood sugar levels, particularly in diabetic individuals. The synthesis of historical context and contemporary insights aims to underscore the multifaceted nature of quinolones and the imperative need for ongoing scrutiny of their clinical implications</p>

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