BIOMEDICAL MARVELS: NAOH-PRECIPITATED MAGHEMITE NANOPARTICLES FOR NEXT-GEN THERAPEUTICS AND DIAGNOSTICS

Abstract

The synthesis of nano-sized magnetic materials has emerged as a captivating field of research, primarily focusing on the development of metal oxides due to their inherent significance in the realm of nano-sized materials. Magnetic nanoparticles exhibit remarkable magnetic, chemical, electrical, and optical properties that surpass their bulk counterparts. This paper delves into the exploration of such materials, emphasizing their biocompatibility, non-toxicity, physical and chemical stability, environmental safety, and the ability to form stable dispersions. These attributes render them well-suited for diverse biomedical applications, including MRI contrast agents, drug delivery systems, and cancer treatment through magnetic hyperthermia, immunoassay techniques, cancer theranostics, and catalysis across various disciplines. The synthesis of iron oxide and ferrite oxide stands out as a focal point in this investigation, owing to their pivotal roles in information storage in nanotechnology, magnetic resonance imaging agents like ferrous fluids, and catalytic applications. The focus extends to three prominent iron oxides—hematite (α-Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3). These iron oxides, sought after due to their polymorphism and temperature-induced phase transitions, exhibit distinct magnetic, biochemical, and biocompatible properties. The versatility of these properties positions them as highly desirable candidates for a spectrum of biomedical applications, thus accentuating their relevance in various scientific domains.